Each conference tells its own story about the state of the Society in a particular biennium. The conference in Perth, hosted by The University of Western Australia, August 5-12, 1974, celebrated the Society’s 21st birthday. Focused on the theme of “Music Education: New Challenges in Interdisciplinary Co-operation”, the Society was recognising that music education at the time covered a wider range of activities than ever before, and that with rapid changes taking place in society, technology, and education, this conference provided a forum “to re-think the role of music in terms of enrichment and relaxation”.33 Besides its unprecedented publicity and attendance, the conference featured ISME Fanfares, a work commissioned by Callaway and composed by Kabalevsky for the Australian Youth Orchestra to play under his direction at the opening session. This composition became a feature of subsequent ISME conferences.